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9 Kio
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423 lignes
Pas d'EOL
9 Kio
Markdown
---
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title: Ansible - Les inventaires
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description: Créer et gérer les inventaires Ansible
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published: true
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date: 2021-07-09T14:10:01.810Z
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tags: ansible, configuration
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editor: markdown
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dateCreated: 2021-07-09T08:01:35.009Z
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---
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# La struturation
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<div class="video-responsive">
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<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/D8BUV1RYFjw" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>
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</div>
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## Informations
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inventory = inventaire des machines et de leurs variables
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inventory =
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* fichier d'inventaire
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* répertoire group_vars
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* répertoire host_vars
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**Eléments éssentiels car il décrit votre infra :**
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* vos serveurs
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* vos types de serveurs
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**Deux types d'instances :**
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* hosts
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* groupes
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**Plusieurs formats :**
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* ini = plat
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* yaml = plus homogène
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* json = pour manipuler
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Possiblité d'utiliser des patterns
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Groupe racine => all
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Groupes enfants
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**Exemple :**
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* un groupe parent1
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* groupes enfants : enfant1 et enfant2
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* "sous" enfant de enfant2 : enfant3
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```
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parent1 = srv4
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enfant1 = srv1 et srv2
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enfant2 = srv3
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enfant3= srv5
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```
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## Format **init**
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```init
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[parent1]
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srv4
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[enfant1]
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srv1
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srv2
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[enfant2]
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srv3
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[enfant3]
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srv5
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[parent1:children]
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groupe1
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groupe2
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[enfant2:children]
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enfant3
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```
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## Format **yaml**
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```yaml
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all:
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children:
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parent1:
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hosts:
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srv4:
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children:
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enfant1:
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hosts:
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srv1:
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srv2:
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enfant2:
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hosts:
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srv3:
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children:
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enfant3:
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hosts:
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srv5:
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```
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Passer un groupe à un autre groupe :
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```yaml
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all:
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children:
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parent1:
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parent2:
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hosts:
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srv4:
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children:
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enfant1:
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hosts:
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srv1:
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srv2:
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enfant2:
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hosts:
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srv3:
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children:
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enfant3:
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hosts:
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srv5:
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parent2:
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hosts:
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srv6:
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srv7:
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srv8:
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srv9:
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```
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Utilisation de pattern :
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```yaml
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all:
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children:
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parent1:
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parent2:
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hosts:
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srv4:
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children:
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enfant1:
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hosts:
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srv[1:2]:
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enfant2:
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hosts:
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srv3:
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children:
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enfant3:
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hosts:
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srv5:
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parent2:
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hosts:
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srv[6:]:
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```
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Un peu plus vers la pratique
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* couche commune > common
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* serveurs web nginx > webserver
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* bases de données > dbserver
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* applications dockerisées ou non > app / appdock
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Monitoring qui semble lié à toutes les machines users > monitoring
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```yaml
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all:
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children:
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common:
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children:
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webserver:
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hosts:
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srv[1:4]:
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dbserver:
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hosts:
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srv[5:6]:
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app:
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hosts:
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srv[7:10]:
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appdock:
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hosts:
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srv[11:15]:
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monitoring:
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children:
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common:
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```
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## Format Json
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https://linuxhint.com/ansible_inventory_json_format/
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# Les variables d'inventaires
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<div class="video-responsive">
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<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/UuiRDRIJ-sM" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>
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</div>
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## Informations
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ansible = forte précédence des variables (ordre hiérarchique)
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Regroupement par famille :
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- Configuration settings
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- Command-line options > VARIABLES D'INVENTAIRES
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- Playbook keywords
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- Variables
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22 types:
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```bash
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command line values (eg “-u user”)
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role defaults [1]
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inventory file or script group vars [2]
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inventory group_vars/all [3]
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playbook group_vars/all [3]
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inventory group_vars/* [3]
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playbook group_vars/* [3]
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inventory file or script host vars [2]
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inventory host_vars/* [3]
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playbook host_vars/* [3]
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host facts / cached set_facts [4]
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play vars
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play vars_prompt
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play vars_files
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role vars (defined in role/vars/main.yml)
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block vars (only for tasks in block)
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task vars (only for the task)
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include_vars
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set_facts / registered vars
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role (and include_role) params
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include params
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extra vars (always win precedence)
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```
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Doc : https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/user_guide/playbooks_variables.html
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## Variables d'inventaires
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- fichier d'inventaire
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- group_vars (répertoire)
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- host_vars (répertoire)
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## Squelette
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```bash
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├── 00_inventory.yml
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├── group_vars
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│ ├── all.yml
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│ ├── dbserver.yml
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│ └── webserver
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│ ├── vault.yml
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│ └── webserver.yml
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└── host_vars
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├── srv1
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│ └── srv1.yml
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└── srv2.yml
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```
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## Multienv
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multienv >> c'est facile !!!
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```bash
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├── dev
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│ ├── 00_inventory.yml
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│ ├── group_vars
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│ │ ├── all.yml
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│ │ ├── dbserver.yml
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│ │ └── webserver
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│ │ ├── vault.yml
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│ │ └── webserver.yml
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│ └── host_vars
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│ ├── srv1
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│ │ └── srv1.yml
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│ └── srv2.yml
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├── prod
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│ ├── 00_inventory.yml
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│ ├── group_vars
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│ │ ├── all.yml
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│ │ ├── dbserver.yml
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│ │ └── webserver
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│ │ ├── vault.yml
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│ │ └── webserver.yml
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│ └── host_vars
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│ ├── srv1
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│ │ └── srv1.yml
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│ └── srv2.yml
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└── stage
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├── 00_inventory.yml
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├── group_vars
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│ ├── all.yml
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│ ├── dbserver.yml
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│ └── webserver
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│ ├── vault.yml
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│ └── webserver.yml
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└── host_vars
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├── srv1
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│ └── srv1.yml
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└── srv2.yml
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```
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## Commande de test
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```bash
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ansible -i "node2," all -b -e "var1=xavki" -m debug -a 'msg={{ var1 }}'
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```
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## Exemples
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Inventory :
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```yaml
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all:
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children:
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common:
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children:
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webserver:
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hosts:
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node[2:3]:
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vars:
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var1: "webserver"
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dbserver:
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hosts:
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node4:
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node5:
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var1: "node5"
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vars:
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var1: "dbserver"
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monitoring:
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children:
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webserver:
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dbserver:
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```
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Autour des group_vars
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```
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├── group_vars
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│ ├── dbserver.yml
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│ └── webserver.yml
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└── inventory.yml
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```
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Ou encore
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```
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├── group_vars
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│ ├── dbserver
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│ │ └── dbserver.yml
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│ └── webserver
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│ └── webserver.yml
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└── inventory.yml
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```
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Autour des host_vars
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```
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├── group_vars
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│ ├── dbserver
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│ │ └── dbserver.yml
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│ └── webserver
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│ └── webserver.yml
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├── host_vars
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│ ├── node2
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│ │ └── variables.yml
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│ └── node5.yml
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└── inventory.yml
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```
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Et si on ajoutait un host au hasard et appartenant à "all"
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```yaml
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all:
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children:
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common:
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children:
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webserver:
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hosts:
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node[2:3]:
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dbserver:
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hosts:
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node4:
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node5:
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monitoring:
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hosts:
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node6:
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children:
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webserver:
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dbserver:
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```
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```
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├── group_vars
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│ ├── all.yml
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│ ├── dbserver
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│ │ └── dbserver.yml
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│ └── webserver
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│ └── webserver.yml
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├── host_vars
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│ ├── node2
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│ │ └── variables.yml
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│ └── node5.yml
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└── inventory.yml
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```
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# La commande et le graph
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<div class="video-responsive">
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<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/D6Ru-M04G4M" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>
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</div>
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## Commande ansible-inventory
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* pour y voir plus clair
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* pour grapher
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Export au format json par défaut (serveurs et variables d'inventaire)
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```bash
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ansible-inventory -i <inventory_file> --list
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ansible-inventory -i <inventory_file> --yaml
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```
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Plus compact
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```bash
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ansible-inventory -i 00_inventory.yml --list --export
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```
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Afficher un format compact sans variables
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```
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ansible-inventory -i <inventory_file> --graph
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```
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Avec les variables
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```
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ansible-inventory -i 00_inventory.yml --graph --vars
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```
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Export vers un fichier
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```
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ansible-inventory -i <inventory_file> --output
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```
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Format toml
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```
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pip3 install toml
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ansible-inventory -i <inventory_file> --vars --toml
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```
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## Mettre sous forme de graphique
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```
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pip3 install ansible-inventory-grapher
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sudo apt install graphviz graphicsmagick-imagemagick-compat
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ansible-inventory-grapher -i inventory.yml all | dot -Tpng | display png:-
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``` |